Without deliberate attention to sustainability from the outset, even strong technical interventions remain externally dependent and struggle to outlast donor funding.
If corruption persists despite legal and institutional reforms, the explanation lies elsewhere. The decision to explore social norms was not theoretical abstraction but an empirical necessity.
For nearly half a century, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act has made it illegal for U.S. citizens and companies to bribe foreign officials. Since 1998, that has been the case for foreign companies listed on U.S. stock exchanges or acting in the U.S., too.
The anti-corruption field could not avoid being heavily hit by the slew of brutal executive orders of the new US administration. Around the world, programs were being slashed, heads were rolling, and livelihoods were being endangered. Apart from the termination of our Ugandan social norms change
program, many of our partners and colleagues were also waking up to all forms of cancellations, terminations and freezing.
The United States is facing an emerging corruption problem that so far has drawn relatively little notice. Relying primarily upon federal prosecutors to check state and local corruption has always been a questionable strategy, and it is now about to become even less of a deterrent.